When I was exploring my Mesa world this chunk appeared... It was filled with water for about 10 of height. Water is on normal sea level.
seed: 774205031375500968, customized: Biome: Mesa Plateau F
Edit: I though it's connected to the Mineshaft but it was near it and looked fine.
Edit v2: seems affecting some other chunks, so it is not "so" random.
Same world, attatched new image.
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Does MC-315 describe your issue?

Seems like it. However it was in superflat.