When you use for example:
/setblock ~ ~ ~ minecraft:structure_block 1 {name=test,mode=LOAD}
The structure block that will be created will be data mode with no info, and if you block-update it (shift-place a block in side of it) the texture will change to load, whoever the name in top of it will stay "Data:" and if you open it the GUI will be in data mode and when you close the texture will be back to data.
The command you use is invalid, you are missing the oldBlockHandling parameter, if you want to place a structure block with a specific mode, do it with the mode tag, like this :
However I can confirm that using only data value to define a mode can cause issues as you describe.
The command you posted is the same as this one :