Minecraft does not launch on Linux when laptop display is disabled

Affected versions: 1.8.2 through 1.12
Unaffected versions: 1.8.1 and lower.
The issue is therefore with something changed between 1.8.1 and 1.8.2.

The issue only occurs when my built-in display is disabled. It launches normally if both my TV and laptop screen are enabled.

Steps to reproduce on my laptop:
1. Disable built-in screen and only output to a TV
2. Launch Minecraft 1.8.2 or higher
3. It will immediately crash with this crash report:

Crash log:

Minecraft Crash Report ----
// Surprise! Haha. Well, this is awkward.

Time: 6/21/17 12:12 PM
Description: Initializing game

java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
at bhz.av(SourceFile:661)
at bhz.aq(SourceFile:456)
at bhz.a(SourceFile:404)
at net.minecraft.client.main.Main.main(SourceFile:123)
Caused by: java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 0
at org.lwjgl.opengl.LinuxDisplay.getAvailableDisplayModes(LinuxDisplay.java:951)
at org.lwjgl.opengl.LinuxDisplay.init(LinuxDisplay.java:738)
at org.lwjgl.opengl.Display.<clinit>(Display.java:138)
... 4 more

A detailed walkthrough of the error, its code path and all known details is as follows:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

– Head –
Thread: Client thread
Stacktrace:
at bhz.av(SourceFile:661)
at bhz.aq(SourceFile:456)

– Initialization –
Details:
Stacktrace:
at bhz.a(SourceFile:404)
at net.minecraft.client.main.Main.main(SourceFile:123)