Flickering/lingering pixels in fullscreen mode

Whenever I try to use Minecraft in fullscreen, pixels flicker/"linger" long after they should have been updated. This happens not only in the game itself, but also on the menus, where it's incredibly obvious. After a few seconds, it'll fade away and everything will look normal, but as soon as I change to another screen, the same thing happens again: incredibly glitched, lingering pixels that fade away after five seconds or so.

(See the attached screenshots for examples of what it looks like. It's especially obvious with the main menu because of how the flavor text is constantly pulsing, but it happens with every menu - it's just harder to get a screenshot of.)

This also happens within the game. Pixels will linger in places when I flick my mouse fast enough in any direction, resulting in the same kinds of artifacts (for example, there'll still be patches sky-blue pixels in leaves, even when I use fast graphics); however, it also happens when I'm moving slower, though it's far less obvious.

The strange thing is, this only happens in fullscreen mode, both both on the menus and in the game. If I turn off fullscreen, there are no more artifacts. (Which makes me wish there was an in-game option for a borderless window - because if I had to guess, it wouldn't have these issues like fullscreen mode does.)

I've looked around for lots of solutions, but no video or example I've found has worked, and I reverted all of the changes that I made in the process such that I know it's not an issue with those. Additionally, I haven't played Minecraft in quite a while, so it's possible that this isn't a new bug in 1.12. (And I don't mean that I haven't searched for this in the archive - I have, and I've found nothing even vaguely similar to this.)