The first time this happened, I was entering for the first time. in medias res, I got a connection timeout. Fine. I re-connected to my server. All well and good. But I am in the nether and there is no portal anywhere around. I had to get back by jumping into lava.
This time, I had landmarks available, so I found myself. But it does seem to be reproducible.
Any ideas?
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Known issue (see MC-102641); they use the overworld/nether coordinates if you disconnect in the middle of the process. Portals are just weird...