If you push a shulker into the end portal with a piston, the shulker dissapears but when you go through the portal yourself, the shulker is not in the overworld.(How to recreate - see attached images before_push and after_push). I tested dropping items and entities into the portal and they appeared fine as usual in the overworld. I placed the shulker with a spawn egg in the portal block itself (image placed_in_portal, I managed to screenshot in the one tick before the shulker went through) and it appeared in the overworld just fine, so the problem is somehow related to the piston pushing-in part. When dropping the shulker into the portal in a minecart, neither travel through, they just sit there (image in_minecart), and so I currently do not know how to get a shulker into the overworld while these bugs exist. I also tried to push the shulker in while named with a nametag to test if it was somehow a despawning issue but it didn't make a difference.
EDIT: I have done further testing and I found that the shulkers to teleport to the overworld, the actually appear at 0,0 regardless of the spawnpoint or spawn chunks
Please check if that's still an issue in the latest 1.14 (pre-)release.