The bug
If you modify the world border in the End, you won't be able to see it, however, you cannot pass through / build out of it.
How to reproduce
Go to the End.
Go on top of the Bedrock End Portal.
Type the commands
/worldborder center ~ ~
and then/worldborder set 5
.You won't see the world border. However, you won't be able get/build out of the range set (5 blocks).
Confirmed for 1.13.2-pre1.