The bug
When changing the render distance from e.g. 16 to 5 and then moving around will leave a "player chunk load entry" at the position. This means the chunks at this position stay loaded in the size of the render distance of the server.
The behaviour can be seen in this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yw-BxLLd2PM&feature=youtu.be&t=268
Comments

No, I can not reproduce the issues as described since at least 19w02a. This issues can be closed as resolved.
During testing I observed a similar issue though. I thought it might be the same so I was hesitant to announce this one as gone.
But the conditions and the exact behaviour are different so it's something for an own report.
Is this still an issue in 19w11b?