The sound volume will not decrease when I go away from the jukebox. I changed the music using resourcepacks. But when I put the same sound file that already exists in minecraft into the resourcepack it suddenly works just fine.
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Please attach the resource pack here.

I don't have the original poster's pack, but I have a pack that replicates the issue.
[media]The resource pack I attached contains a stereo version of the 'Stal' record. When played in a jukebox, the volume of the sound is left unaffected by distance. This seems to be a bug with all sounds that are stereo, not just jukebox sounds.

Testen on Minecraft 1.14.1 Pre 1, using a resource pack, music of disc "cat" for example in mi resource pack not change volume with distance.
[media]
Using Windows 10

Same here, tested in 1.14 + 1.14.1 pre-1 and the jukebox volume ignores the player's distance when it reproducing a music disk changed with a resourcepack, (same resourcepack loaded in 1.13 lows the volume when i go away of it)
Os: Windows 10

Confirmed for 1.14.1-pre2.
Resolving as a duplicate of MC-146721. All stereo sounds are affected. If you want to work around this issue, you can convert your sound files to mono and it'll work properly.