The bug
When shooting an arrow with a crossbow or a fully loaded bow, the critical hit particles start behind the player. This is especially visible in third-person (F5) mode, however it also causes the particles to obstruct the player's screen in first person mode occasionally.
When the distance the arrow travels is relatively short, the arrow's particles only render behind the player but not in front of it, and additionally they appear to travel in the opposite direction.
To reproduce
Get a crossbow and arrows
Press
F5
Shoot
Rotate your camera quickly
→ ❌ You can see that there are arrow particles behind you
Videos
Crossbow (short range only):
Crossbow:
Bow:
Can confirm in 20w51a. Relates to MC-197406.