In my village, I created a house with two steps up to the bedroom and two steps down to the jobsite blocks. The beds and jobside blocks occur at the same XZ coordinates, but different Y's. Regardless of the time of day, villagers will prioritize the stairs leading upward to get to the jobsite or bed for the time of day, even if the blocks located on the upper level are incorrect for that time of day (i.e. climbing the stairs up to the jobsites at night or climbing the stairs up to the bedroom at working hours). Villagers will leave the house to socialize, so this is not a matter of a villager becoming trapped.
Switching the order the villagers encounter the staircases (up or down first) and switching whether the beds or jobsites are upstairs is always met with the same results. At night and at working hours, the villagers will climb the upward steps to reach that XZ coordinate, even if the Y coordinate contains the wrong blocks for that time of day.
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Please see newly attached images and note the time of day on the clock in the center of the toolbar. The staircase configuration in these images is one up to the bedroom, four down to the basement (with a turn). However, I've had this issue when it was two up and two down, no turns, so I don't think the staircases themselves are causing it.
As to your screenshot, maybe it has something to do with walls or that the villagers need to travel downstairs (instead of at the same level)?
Present in 1.14.4-Pre 6