Whenever I break a single block (ex: Wood Log, Gravel, etc.) I get a HUGE lag spike. I'll drop from my locked 60fps to 30fps for 2-3 seconds. I don't think this is related to my hardware being a problem because I have an i3-8100 and a GTX 1060 3GB (as said in the screenshot)
I run Minecraft with a locked V-Sync so that way it's locked to 60FPS no matter what, Unlimited framerate.
I noticed that a similar issue was made, but it was made on a 1.14 pre-release
Does this happen every time you break a block or only in certain chunks? If so, in which chunks? You might be experiencing MC-123584.