The bug
When you set up a dispenser right next to a target, the dispenser fires the arrow inside of the target, and the target doesn't output a signal or detect the arrow.
How to reproduce
Place a dispenser right next to a target facing towards it
Hook up a redstone output to the target
Fill the dispenser with arrows and fire
Notice how the target didn't output a signal
Can confirm that this is an issue in 20w51a.