This happens in survival or creative modes, with any fishing rod. You can throw the line and reel it normally, but the moment a fish bites it becomes impossible to reel. Pressing anything does nothing (even though the hand animation plays). It is only possible to reel again once the fish goes away.
Thank you for your report!
We're actually already tracking this issue in MC-181424, so I resolved and linked this ticket as a duplicate.
If you would like to add a vote and any extra information to the main ticket it would be appreciated.
If you haven't already, you might like to make use of the search feature in the future to see if the issue has already been reported.
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