To replicate: with an empty bucket, move your cursor quickly between two blocks of water and right click as close to the intersection as possible.
I did this several times by accident before I suspected it may be a glitch and started being able to do it consistently on purpose. The water pictured below would stay in this state until I interacted with it again.
Most of the time after doing this trick I would have an empty bucket. The pic below is an exception where I think I accidentally scrolled to another bucket in my inventory.
Because I was able to fill a bucket with this empty space, I suspect the game thinks that it's still water, but isn't rendering it properly. didn't think to try swimming in it or further poking. Figured I'd leave that to the pros!
[media]Related issues
Comments

Thank you for your report!
We're tracking this issue in MC-12363, so this ticket is being resolved and linked as a duplicate.
If you would like to add a vote and any extra information to the main ticket it would be appreciated.
If you haven't already, you might like to make use of the search feature to see if the issue has already been mentioned.
Quick Links:
📓 Bug Tracker Guidelines – 💬 Community Support – 📧 Mojang Support
📓 Project Summary – ✍️ Feedback and Suggestions – 📖 Game Wiki