I was attempting to eat several types of food in this snapshot and the food would give an eating animation and then end the animation within the expected time, but without having replenished food points or restoring depleted health if applicable.
Types of food I noticed with this issue:
Cooked Beef
Cooked Salmon
Bread
Cooked Pork
Raw Beef
Raw Pork
Rotten Flesh
Carrots
Please Note, this issue did not seem to apply to chicken
I can't reproduce in either Survival or Adventure modes, can you provide a video of yourself performing the glitch with F3 enabled?