I was playing on a survival world with a few of my friends when I encountered this bug. For whatever reason, the crafting menu tab was stuck over the inventory tab. This made it so that whenever I'd open my inventory, I was unable to click on the little green book to close and open the crafting menu tab. This bug essentially prevents me from playing on this world with my friends because not being able to access your inventory in Minecraft is essentially a death sentence.
The image I included isn't mine because the server has since closed and I can't take a picture of it. I found an image of the same bug happening to someone else so that is what I included.
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This appears to be a duplicate of MC-199915 and/or MC-117308, which both haven't yet been resolved. If you have any additional information to provide regarding these issues, feel free to comment on the parent tickets. If you feel that these issues are affecting you, feel free to vote for the duplicated ticket, to give Mojang a basic idea of how many people are impacted by the problem. Just to further inform you, this will not determine how quickly the bug gets handled or fixed.
Scale down your GUI in the video settings. If it's set too large and your monitor resolution is too small this can happen.