Throwing an ender pearl at a mob causes the mod to flash red, showing that it took damage, although the actual damage delt is 0.
How to replicate:
1. Acquire an ender pearl.
2. Throw it at a mod or other entity.
The mod should turn red to show that it took damage, If the mod happens to be an iron golem, it should start attacking you in retaliation.
Linked issues
Comments 2

Thank you for your report!
We're tracking this issue in MC-165507, so this ticket is being resolved and linked as a duplicate.
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This is not a bug, it is a feature. It is the same as with snowballs or eggs, they cause knockback and "hurt" the mob but deal 0 damage.