I play in a 1.18.1 world without lush caves (It's all Mushroom Fields) and I found some glow berries in a mineshaft (great feature btw) but when I planted them to make them grow they just didn't. I remember that in the 1.17 snapshots this mechanic worked so I don't know why it doesn't happen anymore...
MC-247821
Hand-placed Cave Vines don't generate Glow Berries
Resolved
Cannot Reproduce
0
cannot confirm
(You will have a cave vine that will grow downward one block at a time. Each new block has a 1 in 9 chance of bearing a glowberry/or you can use bone meal)