The minecraft:chests/trial_chambers/intersection_barrel.json loot table in the "Update 1.21" experimental data pack has a loot entry with a compass. Even though compasses don't have durability, the entry has the set_damage loot modifier on it, which does nothing, and may as well be considered invalid.
MC-266489
Unnecessary set_damage modifier for compass loot in trial chambers
Open
7
(Unassigned)
1144308
Confirmed
Expansion B
Low
Loot tables
23w45a, 1.20.4, 1.21.1, 24w40a
Retrieved
Can confirm this still is a problem in 24w21b.
I've noted in output logs that the game cannot set damage of loot item for compass.