This bug is extremely strange and arrays are not correctly checked
/data merge storage test {array:["a","b","c"]}
confirm via
/data get storage minecraft:test
Now an array of a b c should not pass a test for a b b
/execute if data storage minecraft:test {array:["a","b","b"]} run say this array is a,b,b
Chat tells you otherwise.
Environment
Java 21 on Arch Linux
Yea this bug should be fixed it