On high fps, roughly 144 with vsync, vertical height gained from a spear with lunge is 1.5 blocks. When FPS is set to 10, I can get 2 blocks of height. My friend who is on a laggier PC with a bit of ping delay, can jump 2 blocks even with higher frames roughly 200, while I can not.
I also found this issue, but in my testing it can be triggered through a different mechanism. I opened a separate report with my reproduction steps and measurements: MC-309226