Minecraft Launcher cannot verify owned products and fails to sync Microsoft account

When I launch the Minecraft Launcher, an error message appears saying:
“We were unable to verify what products you own. Please check your internet connection.”

After that, another message is shown:
“Oh no! Something went wrong, and we couldn't connect to the Minecraft services. Please connect to the internet to refresh your offline access. Try again.”

The launcher also fails to synchronize my Microsoft account.
This issue occurs even though my internet connection is working properly and stable. Restarting the launcher, logging out and back into the Microsoft account, and restarting the PC do not resolve the problem. As a result, I cannot access Minecraft or verify my ownership of the game.