I feed a wild wolf a piece of meat - the wolf emits hearts - but then it remains untamed. I can't even feed it again. I've got a field full of wild wolves running around with floating hearts.
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When in doubt, esp for gameplay type things, start with the wiki: http://minecraft.gamepedia.com/Minecraft_Wiki
Even the pros sometimes have to reference it. It is not an official information source, but it is usually very accurate.
You tame wolfs with bones, not any kind of meat.