I placed items into some chests, logged out, and upon logging back in later, nearly all of my recently placed chests were empty, as was my inventory (including equipped items). I went from 16 full chests (actually 8 large chests) of items to 4 (2 large chests) full with the others still in the exact same spot, just empty. It was not a multiplayer map/server.
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not that I can remember, but I might have, as I don't use snapshots for all of the worlds I use. I suppose that would explain the chests being emptied, but I know I had made everything in my inventory before moving up to the new snapshot (I had started that world in 1.7.5). I don't see why I would have lost all of that. I tried exiting Minecraft and reopening it, see if that fixed it, and I know that time was on the snapshot, but it didn't make a difference.

I see to recall a report about this when upgrading to the b snapshot, but not c.
correction, just got back to my main home, EVERYTHING in ALL of my chests there is gone, too. four more large chests, completely empty. strangely, my one large chest in the Nether lost nothing. with all of those resources and everything gone, I might just re-create the map and start anew, but even so, this really sucks...

Did you not backup your world saves?
I don't really know how. I'm not the most experienced Minecraft player...
Did you log back in using a lower version (eg 1.7.5) ?