I put a stack of harming arrows in my offhand slot and shot in the sky and when it missed me I went to pick it up and I got nearly a stack of arrows from one shot in survival. This means players could dupe arrows (all though they are not survival available yet) if they had one stack.
I can confirm this bug and it seems that however many arrows you have in your off hand when you shot the bow is how many it will duplicate this seems to work with all of the potion arrows but the spectral arrows.