When harvesting wheat and betroots with a Fortune enchanted tool, only the drop rate of the (betroot-) seeds get effected and not that of the actual item (wheat/betroot).
In the image below you can see the drop rates of 20 fully grown crops each type with Fortune III on top and without at the bottom.
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But it doesn’t make any sense. Why would they give you huge amounts of carrots and potatoes and just a tiny one of wheat and betroots?
The documentation for this is poor.
The real issue: Beetroots specifically used to be affected by Fortune because on Bedrock beetroots drop multiple (1-2) and previously it worked with Fortune to increase the yield of beetroots in addition to the seeds. This is different than how Java implemented it to this day, as the Java implementation is identical to wheat’s loot table.
At some point around 1.17 days, beetroot suddenly stopped dropping more with Fortune.
In terms of wheat, it’s only really a bug if you consider loot tables like chicken drops & ores to be the standard. However plenty of other instances exist where the single drop remains a drop of 1 while other drops in the same table increase in quantity.
I think this is not a bug since the seeds are the only things without fortune you might get multiple of on wheat and beetroot crops. I think, instead, this is Works As Intended.