Donkeys and Mules always have the same speed and jump strength. In Java, spawned donkeys/mules have the same speed and jump stat. However, better offspring are possible with the following formula (parent stat + parent stat + random stat)/3. Increasingly difficult, but possible. In Bedrock, donkey/mule stats never change regardless of parent or random stats.
I believe this is a glitch, not an intended difference as it prevents progression through the mechanic of selective breeding.
This does not apply to the health stat. Like wild or spawned donkeys/mules, bred offspring can have varying degrees of health.
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I just bred 13 donkeys in 1.20.51 on Xbox One X, and they all have the exact same speed. I also bred one donkey and one very fast horse 9 times, and the fastest 6 mules were all the exact same speed as each other. I was hoping to be able to make a fast mule, but I can't see a way to do it.
I also have noticed this. If you want concrete stats, I have them in terms of blocks and pixels. Between jump height and speed, I prefer measuring jump height since I can provide pretty specific numbers in the form of blocks and pixels. 1 block = 16 pixels.
A donkey on Bedrock Edition has a jump height of slightly greater than 25 pixels, or 1 block and 11 pixels(2 pixels higher than Java edition). The equivalent of this would be to have a donkey jump from a large amethyst bud (5 pixels) onto two blocks. It cannot clear 1 block and 12 pixels (the height of an enchanting table on top of a block). I calculated that there should be around an 80% chance of bred donkeys being able to jump over that 1 block and 12 pixels(block+enchanting table). This does not happen, Therefore, the donkey's jump height never varies.
I bred mules using a horse that had a jump height of about 5 blocks and 1 pixel. All mules bred from that horse with a donkey had the same exact jump height of 2 blocks and 13 pixels(2 blocks and an end portal frame). The only way to obtain that result is if the random equine stats are the exact same as a donkey's.
I hope some attention gets brought to this. I really worked hard to get a good mule, I made hurdles to jump over and a redstone clock using a hopper minecraft to get decently precise speed measurements and finding out that it was capped like this and that I would have had the same result with a good jumper in the wild and any donkey was kinda discouraging.