You can fill an area with lava_cauldron, but not with water_cauldron. That is a little inconsistency in the game.
The included screenshot shows that lack of a water_cauldron.
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Cleaning up old tickets: This ticket had been set to 'Awaiting Response', but has not received a response from the reporter (~3 months+) so is being closed as Incomplete. If you feel this is still a valid issue then please comment, or create a new ticket following the Issue Guidelines which includes steps to reproduce the problem.
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The default fill_liquid for a cauldron is water, so there should not be any need for a separate water_cauldron. You will need to specify an appropriate attribute for fill_level in the command to fill the cauldron (partially or completely).
Please review the Wiki https://minecraft.fandom.com/wiki/Cauldron page to make sure you are including all needed values in the commands.
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