Game crashes during loading screen (68%, 78%, 81% or 90%) after login on Xiaomi device (v1.26.20)

After updating to the latest version (1.26.20), the game crashes to the home screen during the loading process. The crash happens at different stages: most frequently at 68%, but also at 78%, 81%, or even 90% when logged into my Microsoft account. The game works perfectly fine offline, but it is impossible to play online as it force-closes every time I attempt to log in. I have already tried reinstalling the game, clearing all app data, disabling memory extension on my Xiaomi device, and even using a brand new Microsoft account, but the issue persists. It seems to be a critical conflict between the account synchronization process and the system software.