NetherNet connection fails on one dedicated server while another server with the same software works

Brief description:
I am unable to connect to one Minecraft Bedrock dedicated server because the connection fails with a NetherNet-related error. Another server using the same server software and configuration can be joined normally from the same Minecraft client and internet connection.

Steps to reproduce:

1. Open Minecraft: Bedrock Edition.

2. Add the affected dedicated server to the server list.

3. Attempt to connect to the server.

4. Wait for the NetherNet connection to initialize.

Expected result:
The client should establish the NetherNet connection and join the dedicated server normally.

Actual result:
The connection does not complete and Minecraft displays a NetherNet/multiplayer connection error. The dedicated server remains online and running. Connecting to another server using the same server software works normally from the same device and network.

This appears to be specific to the NetherNet connection to this server rather than the Minecraft client or the player's internet connection.