I have no idea as to why this happens, but I can confirm that when exiting to the overworld via Nether Portal I experience severe lighting glitches all around. I think it correlates to when entering the nether at night time and exiting to the over world in the day time. To fix some of these, I am able to place a block and update the chunk which does the trick. But others stick in place and don't change after placing and or removing a block, the only option and fix after that is to save and quit, then reload my world.
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Thank you for your report!
We're actually already tracking this issue at MCPE-69037, so I will resolve and link this ticket as a duplicate.
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I have also had this happen on xbone. Putting down a torch rather than just a random block seems to always fix it for me (within range of the torch). Still needs to be fixed.