Text on signs won't appear, chat won't appear, you cannot write in book and quills, and you cannot use nametags in anvils, so the issue seems to be with showing text but also allowing text to be used.
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Confirmed on 1.17.41 realm for xbox as well.
Found a temp fix for things not renaming in an anvil, just place something in the second slot and then remove it and you will be able to rename your item. It's also not just nametags it's anything you want to rename in an anvil doesn't work unless you do that trick.