Blocks render strangely after reconnecting to server

When I joined a server recently, the blocks fluctuated a lot and looked like the pictures below. It appeared that entities weren't affected. Completely restarting Minecraft fixes it, but if you disconnect and reconnect again, it happens again.

To reproduce:
1. Run Minecraft version 1.9 or newer
2. Join any server
3. Disconnect from the server
4. Join any server to see results below