Sometimes arrows appear to bounce off of entities as if they were holding a shield, even though they aren't or can't even hold a shield (example: bats). A short while later, the arrows get updated to their correct location.
Seems to happen (more often?) when the arrow barely misses, so it bounces off client-side, but flies through (or past) server-side.
To test: Summon a lot of bats in a closed room, shoot them and watch the arrows.
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Is this still an issue in the latest snapshot 16w44a? If so please update the affected versions.
This is an automated comment on any open or reopened issue with out-of-date affected versions.

Is this still an issue in the most recent versions (currently that is 1.11) of Minecraft? If so, please update the affected versions and help us keeping this ticket updated from time to time. If you are the owner/reporter of this ticket, you can modify the affected version(s) yourself.

Attached a video with multiple bounces. Audio has echo because of an audio splitter, just ignore that.

Seems to be visual only in 17w06a, the bounced arrows are not picked up by the player

It seems to be much rarer now, mostly happens with very close entities. But it does also still happen with faraway entities, as shown in the new attachment @unknown. And it's not only visually, because that arrow bounced off one bat and hit another.
Can you still reproduce this in the latest version, 24w18a? I was able to sort of reproduce this, but only via MC-140857:
If you can still reproduce this, a more consistent way to would be helpful to know.

@Jingy I can reproduce this in 1.21. The pillagers have to shoot around the same time for it to happen.
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This is very easy to reproduce by summoning a skeleton and setting your scale attribute to 0.5. (See also [MC-278700].)
I think it's only client side, it doesn't actually land on the ground. But it also doesn't hit the entity although it's exactly shot in its direction.