The sound in Minecraft is not working at all. I've checked that the Mac OS sound works in other apps (i.e., YouTube), and that the sound is on in the Minecraft Music & Sounds options control panel. Sounds simply do not work.
I tried a fresh install of Minecraft, and I also reinstalled Java 8 (although I don't think Minecraft even uses this on Mac). I also tried the "Fn3 + T" option to reload the resource packs. I also tried to use a 3rd party resource pack with sounds. No of this worked.
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I just tried adding some resource packs to see if that would break the logjam. I installed/selected the BDcraft Sounds Pack 1.1 - still no sounds - and I installed/selected TARDIS Model and SFX v1.10 and again no sounds, and also no texture changes!

Here's the Game Output (definitely a problem with the sound: "Could not open ALC device"):
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: Using incremental CMS is deprecated and will likely be removed in a future release
Completely ignored arguments: [--nativeLauncherVersion, 302]
[11:26:06] [Client thread/INFO]: Setting user: CraftmasterAndy
[11:26:08] [Client thread/INFO]: LWJGL Version: 2.9.2
[11:26:08] [Client thread/INFO]: Reloading ResourceManager: Default
[11:26:09] [Sound Library Loader/INFO]: Starting up SoundSystem...
[11:26:09] [Thread-5/INFO]: Initializing LWJGL OpenAL
[11:26:09] [Thread-5/INFO]: (The LWJGL binding of OpenAL. For more information, see http://www.lwjgl.org)
AL lib: (EE) ca_open_playback: FindNextComponent failed
[11:26:09] [Thread-5/ERROR]: Error in class 'LibraryLWJGLOpenAL'
[11:26:09] [Thread-5/ERROR]: Unable to initialize OpenAL. Probable cause: OpenAL not supported.
[11:26:09] [Thread-5/WARN]: ERROR MESSAGE:
[11:26:09] [Thread-5/INFO]: Could not open ALC device
[11:26:09] [Thread-5/WARN]: STACK TRACE:
[11:26:09] [Thread-5/INFO]: org.lwjgl.openal.AL.init(AL.java:162)
[11:26:09] [Thread-5/INFO]: org.lwjgl.openal.AL.create(AL.java:148)
[11:26:09] [Thread-5/INFO]: org.lwjgl.openal.AL.create(AL.java:102)
[11:26:09] [Thread-5/INFO]: org.lwjgl.openal.AL.create(AL.java:201)
[11:26:09] [Thread-5/INFO]: paulscode.sound.libraries.LibraryLWJGLOpenAL.init(LibraryLWJGLOpenAL.java:164)
[11:26:09] [Thread-5/INFO]: paulscode.sound.SoundSystem.CommandNewLibrary(SoundSystem.java:1576)
[11:26:09] [Thread-5/INFO]: paulscode.sound.SoundSystem.CommandQueue(SoundSystem.java:2572)
[11:26:09] [Thread-5/INFO]: paulscode.sound.CommandThread.run(CommandThread.java:121)
[11:26:09] [Sound Library Loader/WARN]: ERROR MESSAGE:
[11:26:09] [Sound Library Loader/INFO]: Could not open ALC device
[11:26:09] [Sound Library Loader/INFO]: Starting up SoundSystem...
[11:26:10] [Thread-7/INFO]: Switching to No Sound
[11:26:10] [Thread-7/INFO]: (Silent Mode)
[11:26:10] [Sound Library Loader/INFO]: Sound engine started
[11:26:12] [Client thread/INFO]: Created: 1024x512 textures-atlas

Ok, that's MC-96028

I just wanted to close the loop. I was finally able to correct this problem by reinstalling the Mac OS on my system, and then reinstalling Minecraft. Sounds are working fine, now. Thanks for your help!
Does MC-100707 describe your issue ?
Please attach the complete output of the "Game Output (Your Minecraft name) " which can be found on the fourth tab of the launcher to this ticket.
If the launcher closes after game start, please edit your profile and select "Launcher visibility" then, "Keep the launcher open".