The bug
Ender dragon hitboxes are inconsistent and have gaps.
Right wing is 3 blocks high, the left one only 2.
Gap between between head and body.
Mouth hitbox is inside of head hitbox, likely because the head is shifted to the front causing the above described gap.
Gap between tail and body.
How to reproduce
Summon an ender dragon
/summon ender_dragonPress
F3+Bto show hitboxes
Code analysis (partwise)
Based on 1.12 decompiled using MCP 9.40 PRE 1
The wing sizes are inconsistent because the method net.minecraft.entity.boss.EntityDragon.onLivingUpdate() sets for one wing a height of 3, but for the other 2.
Confirmed for 1.13.2 and 19w13b