When use a playsound command, and let that player heard that everywhere. I would set the volume bigger. However, when that number is too big, player is not able to adjust the volume at the specify source. Only master can work at this time.
Related issues
Comments

When I use
/playsound minecraft:record.cat music caxerx 0 0 0 1000 1 1
There are the same volume when my "music" section set to 1% or 100%

Thank you for your report!
However, this issue has been closed as a Duplicate of MC-98200.
It has been linked to this report. If you have additional information, please add it to that report.
Please search before reporting, as it's likely that one exists already.
Quick Links:
📓 Issue Guidelines – 💬 Community Support – 📧 Customer Support – 📖 Game Wiki
Please provide the full command being used.