(I have been able to reproduce this several times)
YouTube Video: https://youtu.be/21BR05xY2C8
Steps (Also seen in the YouTube video provided):
Step 1: Enchant a trident with riptide III (Only III was tested)
Step 2: Apply the Slow falling effect (Was not tested without)
Step 3: While raining pull back and throw the trident as many times as possible in the air and eventually it will teleport the player to a Y height of 4096 and the player can not move from that location even after death and relogs...the only way out is by deleting the player data in the world folder
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Comments

Cannot reproduce.
Reopened as per MC-128119

Please check if that's still an issue for you in 1.14.2.
I'm not able to reproduce.