The bug
When creating a new world the small water ponds occasionally tend to be too dark. This isn't just a visual effect but a deficiency in the actual sunlight level of the air above the water, as shown in the debug output.
I'd speculate the direct sunlight probably stops at the point where the original terrain was, before the world generator carved out the pond.
Updating lighting by placing a torch seems to fix it, but reloading the world brings the wrong lighting back again. However, filling the entire hole (except for the water) with blocks up to the previous terrain height and digging it out again fixes it permanently.
How to reproduce
Generate a new world using the seed -4270258239336733475.
Fly to the coordinates
-568 77 -149
(Do NOT teleport there, possibly due to the chunk population order being different, it seems not to happen when teleporting)Press
F3
and look at the light level. Visually it can be best seen with moody brightness.
Related issues
is duplicated by
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What is your smooth lighting set to? Also, is your brightness low?

This isn't a brightness issue. I added a screenshot of the debug screen that shows that this is a genuine difference in sunlight level. I'm floating under the naked sky above the water and the light level is 12.
It's also fixed after recomputing lighting by updating the surroundings and doesn't happen for all those ponds (or not as severely maybe).
But for what it's worth, the brightness is "moody" and the smooth lighting is on "maximum".
Wasn't able to reproduce with given seed and coordinates. The pond's light level is 15.

I even have it after fixing it, closing and reopening the world.

Seeing my newest research and how it can be permanently fixed only by filling the hole up and digging it out again, I wonder if it might not be related to MC-125135 and cave_air not properly propagating skylight. However, it doesn't seem to happen for all ponds and generally seems to be one of the rather non-deterministic problems.

@Neko Do you happen to see it on any other ponds generated in the world (or any other world)? It seems a rather non-deterministic problem and probably best noticed with the bare eye when brightness is set to "moody".
It's indeed barely noticable on bright. Setting the brightness down to moody makes it more visible, and F3 confirms it - the paticular lake in the provided seed seems pretty consistent to me.
After further testing:
It seems to be the most consistent when actually flying it. I do not get it, when teleporting to the coordinates. This is probably due to the chunk load / chunk population order being different. So for reproducing this bug I'd recommend to fly to the location.

because the time is almost night that why is look dark. everything is normal.

I don't know if you have actually looked at the screenshot, but it is definitely not nighttime.