I ran into this bug in survival and floating leaves just won't despawn.
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If the leaves are connected to the leaves of a tree that still stands or even a single wood block they will not despawn.

I have broken all logs from that tree and now I broke the birch tree and still, nothing happens

Unsure if this is related, but saplings won't grow into trees either. I set the random tick speed to 9000 and nothing has grown. Seeing as both plant growth and leaf decay is based on RandomTickSpeed I can only assume these problems are related.