When any Enchanted Book is obtained with a level higher than is possible by default–either through a loot table or by using the /give command–it can only apply the vanilla maximum level when used in an anvil. For example, a Diamond Sword combined with a Sharpness VI Enchanted Book will only result in a Sharpness V Diamond Sword.
How to Replicate:
Obtain any Enchanted Book with an enchantment level higher than its default limit
Ex: /give @p minecraft:enchanted_book{StoredEnchantments:[ {id:"minecraft:unbreaking",lvl:4}]}
Attempt to combine the book with an item in an anvil
The item will only be enchanted to its default limit (Unbreaking III if using the above example.)
Related issues
Comments

I don't think this is a duplicate as it is not the issue with the effect itself.
Enchantments with level over max default value are not supported.