When swimming in any body of water with the sprint key held down while swimming, the FOV frequently switches between sprinting and not sprinting. This issue seemed to have been resolved in a 1.13 pre release, and possibly even a previous 1.14 snapshot, but has since returned. (See here)
Caused by MC-133414. The player can't sprint in shallow water (the bug), but starts sprinting once it is high enough in the water.