The bug
When sand falls on very quickly moving pistons, it is continuously turned into a block and back into an entity again. This allows for plants that are placed on that block to grow very quickly (see MC-113809 and MC-165023)
To reproduce
Build the contraption from this video by @unknown: https://youtu.be/TPklP6WZrLk
Video
Video by @unknown showcasing a farm that can be built using this bug: https://youtu.be/mg93ldmI584
Can confirm in 1.17.1 Release Candidate 1. Might require multiple attempts.