Upon loading a custom superflat world (1 layer of dirt, plains, stronghold and village structures, seed 1), the iron golem texture disappeared.
No texture packs were applied.
Exiting out and resetting my game seemed to fix the issue.
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Thank you for your report!
We're actually already tracking this issue in MC-165967, so I resolved and linked this ticket as a duplicate.
If you would like to add a vote and any extra information to the main ticket it would be appreciated.
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