I've built a stained glass wall and put campfires behind it.
Behind the campfires, I've built a portal to the nether.
Smoke particles emitted from campfires appear behind the portal, rather than in front of it, as it should be.
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When using Fabulous! graphics setting, translucent blocks (such as stained glass and water) are rendered in front of particles that are in front of them, when also looking through another translucent block.
Cannot reproduce in 1.16-pre4 due MC-188673,

This is still an issue in PRE-5 because is MC-188673 fixed (again).

Can confirm for PRE-8.

Can confirm for 20w28a

Can replicate in 1.16.2 rc2
Can confirm in 20w49a.
Can confirm in 21w03a.

Affects 21w05b
Can confirm in 21w06a. Just to clarify, your graphics must be set to "Fabulous!" in order to experience this issue.
Can confirm in 21w13a.

Isn't this the same issue as MC-186538?
Yes, indeed the exact same.
Can confirm.