When I put a rail near a water block this happens. I can't really explain much, just look at the screenshot and you'll get it.
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Hi! This seems to be intentional. I don't really see a bug in the pictures as all rails can now be waterlogged.

Rails need a water source block. The water was probably flowing which cannot be waterlogged.
All rails can be waterlogged (works with a dispenser & water bucket too).
Flowing water doesn’t break rails.
https://www.minecraft.net/en-us/article/minecraft-snapshot-20w45a