While making an adventure map I noticed that you can punch paintings in adventure mode. The only workaround I know is by making them invulnerable.
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Avoma
migrated
To prevent it from being breakable, you can give the painting the invulnerable NBT tag using /data. Keep in mind that this also prevents you from breaking it in survival mode.
violine1101
Thank you for your report!
We're tracking this issue in MC-579, so this ticket is being resolved and linked as a duplicate.
That ticket has already been resolved as working as intended, which means this is not considered a bug and won't be fixed. Please do not leave a comment on the linked ticket.
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This appears to be a duplicate of MC-579, which was later resolved as Works As Intended. This "issue" you are experiencing is working how it was intended to function. See the parent ticket for more details.