The bug
In past versions, eyes of ender always seem to point toward a position that is close (within about 16 blocks) to the stronghold. (In my experiments in 1.16.5, the eye always leads toward a position with y-coordinate of 30, and that is always near where the starting staircase of the stronghold is.)
With the recent expansion of the world to include negative y-coordinates, strongholds can generate at a wide range of possible y-levels. However the eye of ender always leads to a point with the same y-value regardless of the stronghold location (it leads to y=30 in 1.18, and y=0 in 1.19+).
To reproduce
/locate stronghold
Teleport to the stronghold.
/give @s minecraft:repeating_command_block
Put the following command into the repeating command block:
execute at @e[type=minecraft:eye_of_ender,limit=1,sort=nearest] run fill ~-5 ~-5 ~-5 ~5 ~5 ~5 air replace #minecraft:base_stone_overworld
Repeatedly throw eyes of ender and follow them until they hover over a fixed position. Observe that the y-level of the fixed position is approximately 0.
Enter spectator mode and look around for the stronghold. It's likely that the stronghold is dozens of blocks above or below where the eye of ender stopped.
Expected behavior
The final destination of the eye of ender is always near part of the stronghold.
Observed behavior
Often the stronghold is dozens of blocks below the final destination of the eye of ender.
Linked issues
is duplicated by
relates to
Attachments
Comments

The behavior seems to have been changed (though not fixed) in one of the last couple snapshots. Instead of y=30, the eye of ender's final resting place will now be y=0. This still frequently ends up being outside of the stronghold though. Example is -1680 1984 on seed 12345 on 22w14a, where the stronghold generates close to the surface and the eye leads to a location well below the stronghold.
In 1.20.2 Release Candidate 2

Confirmed in 1.21.3
This bug still exists in 1.21.4, I just ran into it.
Seed: -124847946109498041
The Eye points to XYZ coordinates 1552 / 0 / 95.4, but the actual entrance of the stronghold is much higher, around Y=34, making it very hard to find without the debug menu. Even digging out the whole column from surface to bedrock didn't help, because it's also offset to the side thanks to this other bug: MC-253394
I tested this in both 1.17.1 and 21w40a using the reproduction steps I added to this report. In 1.17.1, the final destination of the eye of ender is almost always near part of the stronghold. In 21w40a, the stronghold is much more often not close to the final destination of the eye of ender because strongholds can generate much deeper now.