I tried to do three commands:
/execute anchored feet at @p run particle minecraft:dust ~ ~ ~ 1 1 1 1 1 force @p
/execute anchored feet at @p run particle minecraft:dust_color_transition ~ ~ ~ 1 1 1 1 1 force @p
/execute anchored feet at @p run particle minecraft:falling_dust ~ ~ ~ 1 1 1 1 1 force @p
All these particles did not work while some others did.
You need to provide R N G and size values after the ID before the coordinates for dust particles:
minecraft:dust 1 0 0 1 ~ ~ ~For block, falling_dust and item, you need to provide the corresponding ID
minecraft:falling_dust minecraft:sand ~ ~ ~